Half of the studies presenting data on substandard substances were sub-analyzed into over-concentrated and under-concentrated samples. For counterfeit substances, most studies sub-analyzed data into inert, substituted, and adulterated samples. The studies included a median of 42 samples; the largest study had 2818 analyzed samples and the smallest 8 samples, and a cumulative sample size of 5,413 anabolic agents. After the quality appraisal stage, an overall number of 19 full-text articles were included for data extraction and analysis. Besides the well-known side effects of anabolic steroids, new individual and public health threats arise due to fake drugs from the black market. We have strict sourcing guidelines and only link to reputable media sites, academic research institutions and, whenever possible, medically peer reviewed studies. In 2010, more than half of all treatments from illicit websites—not only of hormones, but of any drug—were counterfeit, according to a bulletin from the World Health Organization. Without access to quality medical care, trans people around the world are seeking hormones from friends or through illegal online markets, even when the cost exceeds what it would through insurance. In two articles, the authors analyzed mixed samples, but the proportion of AAS was above 75%, as described in the inclusion criteria published in the study protocol 34–36. Qualitative and quantitative analysis according to the suggested classification of Neves , and Weber and colleagues into original, substandard or counterfeit and subclassifications with some adaptions for analysis She marched in political protests alongside older trans people who assured her that starting and stopping hormones was a normal part of the trans experience. At first, Christine didn’t mind being off hormones. But after a year or so on estrogen and a testosterone-blocker, she found herself in financial trouble. In addition, recreational drugs are also commonly consumed. All study characteristics can be viewed in detail in Table 4. If you are considering testosterone therapy, it’s essential to consult with a specialist doctor or healthcare professional who can assess your file and provide appropriate recommendations and prescriptions based on your specific situation. It’s important to note that the availability of specific testosterone products and their formulations may vary from country to country, and new products may have been introduced since my last update. There are several bioidentical testosterone products available by Prescription. Rather than caused by study design issues, the differing proportions of counterfeit or substandard AAS reflect the selection of the tested AAS samples, with real differences in the quality of AAS found on the black market. We searched PubMed/Medline, Embase and Google Scholar for studies published before March 29, 2022 that analyzed the quality and quantity of AAS to determine the proportions of substandard and counterfeit products found on the black market. Fake anabolic androgenic steroids on the black market – a systematic review and meta-analysis on qualitative and quantitative analytical results found within the literature. With this systematic review and meta-analysis on black-market AAS, we have demonstrated that substantial mean proportions may be of substandard quality or counterfeit. ‘Drug checking’ allows people who consume illegal and legal drugs acquired from unregulated drug markets to submit samples for chemical analysis and receive feedback on the quantity, quality, and purity of those substances. "There are big problems with private clinics who are incentivised to sell testosterone as a product to make money from, with the temptation to push the edges of when and when not to prescribe. Men need access to medical care which is independent and not looking to 'sell them testosterone'," Dr Davis said. But testosterone-maxxing, the fitness fad of taking extra testosterone, can have lasting side effects and potential long-term health risks. When administered and monitored by a professional, TRT can bring your hormones back to a healthy level - but messing with them isn't something you should do lightly. The first question to ask is why anyone would want to obtain illegal Testosterone for sale without a valid medical prescription from a doctor? The individual looking to obtain Testosterone must possess a valid requirement for it, which is usually in the form of a medical condition, debilitation, or disease that requires its use. Canada and the United Kingdom, for example, are two Western nations that allow personal use and possession of Testosterone legally, although the trafficking of Testosterone without a valid prescription or medical license is against the law. There is nowhere that an anabolic steroid using bodybuilder will go where there is no Testosterone for sale. Additional reasons also exist, such as the fact that it is proven to be an excellent mass and strength promoting agent, and serves to be a non-removable base compound for any anabolic steroid cycle. Within the prescription drug market, Testosterone for sale is a common sight, especially today with commercials advertising the use of Testosterone for HRT/TRT (Hormone Replacement Therapy / Testosterone Replacement Therapy).